ABSTRACT
The "Lübeck disaster", twins studies, adoptees studies, and other epidemiological observational studies have shown that host genetic factors play a significant role in determining the host susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. From linkage analyses to genome-wide association studies, it has been discovered that human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes as well as non-HLA genes (such as SLC11A1, VDR, ASAP1 as well as genes encoding cytokines and pattern recognition receptors) are associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. To provide ideas for subsequent studies about risk prediction of MTB infection and the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, we review the research progress on tuberculosis susceptibility related genes in recent years, focusing on the correlation of HLA genes and non-HLA genes with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. We also report the results of an enrichment analysis of the genes mentioned in the article. Most of these genes appear to be involved in the regulation of immune system and inflammation， and are also closely related to autoimmune diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Genome-Wide Association Study , Tuberculosis/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , Cytokines/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the current status of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo, Tibet, and analyze related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescents in plateau areas.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was conducted among 959 children and adolescents randomly selected from one district and two counties in Qamdo (from the fourth grade of elementary school to the second grade of high school) for visual acuity and refraction tests and filled out a vision related behavior questionnaire to analyze the incidence of myopia among adolescents in the region and its associated factors.@*Results@#The myopia rate of adolescents in grades 4-11 was 54.43%, the rate of undercorrection of refractive errors was 85.25%, and the percentage of students wearing eyeglasses was 34.67%,fully vision correction rate was 42.54%. The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 35.14%, 64.71% in grades 7-9, and 73.48% in grades 10-11. The myopia rate increased with grades( χ 2= 101.18 , P <0.01). The myopia rate (70.40%) of urban students (grades 4-9) was higher than that of county level(41.45%), and the myopia rate of students with myopia from either parent (68.24%) was higher than that of students without myopia (51.91%) , the myopia rate of girls (59.96%) was higher than that of boys (48.36%)( χ 2=53.19，13.46，12.98， P <0.01). Use electronic products for more than 2.5 hours per day, electronic devices usage after bedtime, the light low indoor brightness when studying on a sunny day, and only use one of the table lamps or roof lights when studying at night, preference for fried food, poor sleep quality, in the morning the students who still feel tired are at higher risk of myopia( χ 2=10.35, 10.91, 6.87, 4.25, 4.97, 5.71, 12.11, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence of myopia was related to region, grade, gender, parental myopia, time spent on electronic products every day in the past 5 months, and sleep quality( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The high rate of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo may be related to the quality of sleep, the length of time electronic products are used, the eye environment, and the frequency of eating fried foods. Outdoor activities do not show significant differences.
ABSTRACT
Studies have shown that spatial attention remarkably affects the trial-to-trial response variability shared between neurons. Difficulty in the attentional task adjusts how much concentration we maintain on what is currently important and what is filtered as irrelevant sensory information. However, how task difficulty mediates the interactions between neurons with separated receptive fields (RFs) that are attended to or attended away is still not clear. We examined spike count correlations between single-unit activities recorded simultaneously in the primary visual cortex (V1) while monkeys performed a spatial attention task with two levels of difficulty. Moreover, the RFs of the two neurons recorded were non-overlapping to allow us to study fluctuations in the correlated responses between competing visual inputs when the focus of attention was allocated to the RF of one neuron. While increasing difficulty in the spatial attention task, spike count correlations were either decreased to become negative between neuronal pairs, implying competition among them, with one neuron (or none) exhibiting attentional enhancement of firing rate, or increased to become positive, suggesting inter-neuronal cooperation, with one of the pair showing attentional suppression of spiking responses. Besides, the modulation of spike count correlations by task difficulty was independent of the attended locations. These findings provide evidence that task difficulty affects the functional interactions between different neuronal pools in V1 when selective attention resolves the spatial competition.
Subject(s)
Animals , Attention/physiology , Macaca mulatta , Neurons/physiology , Photic Stimulation , Primary Visual Cortex , Visual Cortex/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the value of multi-phase contrast enhanced MR in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Methods From September 2015 to January 2018,176 patients with 257 thyroid nodules(109 malignant and 148 benign)preoperatively evaluated by multi-phase contrast enhanced MR were included in the present study.The final diagnoses for all cases were proved by the final pathological reports in our hospital.The diagnostic value of multi-phase contrast enhanced MR in thyroid nodules was analyzed retrospectively. Results The outflow ring sign can be regarded as a specific sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma (χ2＝125.03,P＝0.000)and the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 66.06%,98.65%,97.30%and 79.78%,respectively.The obvious enhancement was more common in benign thyroid nodules (χ2＝33.45,P＝0.000)and it can be regarded as a specific sign of adenoma and adenomatoid nodule(χ2＝74.7 5 ,P＝0.000 ).Conclusion The multi-phase contrast enhanced MR has important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.The outflow ring sign can be regarded as a specific sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and the obvious enhancement was an important feature of benign nodules,especially of adenoma and adenomatoid nodules.
ABSTRACT
Objective ToexploretheMRIperformanceofpapillarythyroidcarcinomawithhobnailfeatures(HPTC)andthedifferential diagnosisfromclassicpapillarythyroidcarcinoma(CPTC).Methods Dataof93patientswithconfirmedPTCandMRIexamination oneweekbeforesurgerywereretrospectivelycollected.Thedifferencesoftheage,sex,tumorsize,ADCvaluesand MRIfeaturesof HPTCandCPTCweredetermined.Results 10HPTCand78CPTCwereincludedinthisstudy.ThefrequencyofT2WIsignificantly highsignal,segmentationlinearlowsignal,lacesignandgyrus-likestructureofHPTCwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofCPTC (P=0.000).ComparedtoCPTC,HPTCshowedmoreirregularshape(P=0.005),largervolume(P=0.025),moremixedT2WI andDWIsignals(P=0.002,0.028,respectively),higherADCvalues(P=0.019),anddelayedmass-likeenhancement(P=0.041). Conclusion HPTClesionshavelargervolume,irregularshape,mixedT2WIsignals,mixedDWIsignalsandhigherADCvalues. Significantlyhighsignal,segmentationlinearlowsignal,lacesignandgyrus-likestructurearecommonlyobservedonT2WI.Delayed mass-likeenhancementpatternismorecommon.ThesecharacteristicscouldcontributetothediagnosisofHPTC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To developed A laboratory diagnosis of Moraxella catarrhalis by an laboratories diagnostic method real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. Methods The specific primers and probes were designed based on the sequence of outer membrane protein CopB(copB)gene in Moraxella catarrhalis,and the Taqman probe RT-PCR method was developed to detect the Moraxella catarrhalis.The standard plasmids ex-tracted from the Moraxella catarrhalis standard strains were used to constitute the standard samples,and compared with these standard samples,the sensitivity of the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was tested by the estab-lished standard curves.The specificity of the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was tested by the DNA samples of other bacterias in the laboratory.Meanwhile,321 throat swab samples from inpatient and outpatient child pa-tients,with asthma infection were collected as clinical samples to validate the fluorescence quantitative PCR as-say.Results The standard curve was drawn in the real-time PCR by the Taqman fluorescence reporter.During the sensitivity tests,the newly-developed real-time fluorescence PCR could detect at least 10 copies of Moraxella catarrhalis,and could successfully distinguish several DNAs of the pathogens.On the basis of the validation result of the 321 throat swab samples,there are 25 Moraxella catarrhalis with 7.79 % positive rate.Conclusion The fluorescence quantitative PCR assay is of great sensitivity and specificity,and it can be widely used for the detec-tion of Moraxella catarrhalis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of WeChat platform online service on the safety of pediatric family medica-tion and the quality of pharmaceutical care. METHODS:The online consultation records of"Qs and As for pediatric medications"were collected and summarized from the WeChat platform(WeChat ID:etyywd)during Jun.1st,2014-Dec.31st,2015 in our hos-pital. Statistical analysis was performed on the consulting time periods,age of pediatric patients with consultation demands,and the systems and mistake types involved in medication consultations. RESULTS:A total of 29 850 dialogue records on WeChat were collected,and 13 315 of these were related to medications(44.61%). The peak time of medication consultation was at 9:00-10:00 in the morning,with an accumulative consultation number of 1 840 cases(13.82%);while the least consultation time pe-riod was at 4:00-5:00 early in the morning,with only 13 cases(0.10%).Pediatric patients in need of consultation were more with-in the age of 1-6 years old,and most of them were preschool children(31.20%)and toddlers(26.32%). The systems consulted mainly involved the respiratory system,immune system and digestive system;in which respiratory system had the most cases (60.28%). There were 1 508 Qs and As records for medication mistakes that were occured or may occure and were corrected in time(11.33%),in which the mistake types were mainly the unsuitable use of antipyretics(3.91%),antibiotics abuse(3.14%), careless use of combination medication and excessive medication(3.04%),excessively large or small doses(0.69%),improper use of nebulized inhalant after discharge(0.41%),and excessive use of vitamins(0.14%). CONCLUSIONS:The WeChat plat-form expands the service scope of clinical pharmacists.As an extension of hospital pharmaceutical care,it reduces the risk of fami-ly medication mistakes due to a patient's or members'wrong recognition to a certain degree,reinforces communication between doctors and patients,and improves the experience of medical services.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of WeChat platform online service on the safety of pediatric family medica-tion and the quality of pharmaceutical care. METHODS:The online consultation records of"Qs and As for pediatric medications"were collected and summarized from the WeChat platform(WeChat ID:etyywd)during Jun.1st,2014-Dec.31st,2015 in our hos-pital. Statistical analysis was performed on the consulting time periods,age of pediatric patients with consultation demands,and the systems and mistake types involved in medication consultations. RESULTS:A total of 29 850 dialogue records on WeChat were collected,and 13 315 of these were related to medications(44.61%). The peak time of medication consultation was at 9:00-10:00 in the morning,with an accumulative consultation number of 1 840 cases(13.82%);while the least consultation time pe-riod was at 4:00-5:00 early in the morning,with only 13 cases(0.10%).Pediatric patients in need of consultation were more with-in the age of 1-6 years old,and most of them were preschool children(31.20%)and toddlers(26.32%). The systems consulted mainly involved the respiratory system,immune system and digestive system;in which respiratory system had the most cases (60.28%). There were 1 508 Qs and As records for medication mistakes that were occured or may occure and were corrected in time(11.33%),in which the mistake types were mainly the unsuitable use of antipyretics(3.91%),antibiotics abuse(3.14%), careless use of combination medication and excessive medication(3.04%),excessively large or small doses(0.69%),improper use of nebulized inhalant after discharge(0.41%),and excessive use of vitamins(0.14%). CONCLUSIONS:The WeChat plat-form expands the service scope of clinical pharmacists.As an extension of hospital pharmaceutical care,it reduces the risk of fami-ly medication mistakes due to a patient's or members'wrong recognition to a certain degree,reinforces communication between doctors and patients,and improves the experience of medical services.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of compound 48/80(C48/80) activated mast cell on dendritic cell homing to draining lymph nodes(DLN) in order to explore the potential mechanism of C48/80 promoting adaptive immune response.Methods: C57BL/6 mice bone marrow derived dendritic cells(BM-DC) and MC/9 mast cell line were propagated in vitro.Chemotaxis of BM-DC supplemented with supernatant of C48/80 treated MC/9 to CCL21 was measured by transwell chemotaxis assay.C48/80 was injected into murine scapular site,local skin mast cell degranulation was detected by toluidine blue staining method.The number of CD11c+ DC in draining lymph nodes(DLN) was detected by Flow cytometry.Exogenous green microbeads labeled BM-DC homing to DLN was detected by fluromicroscope.The mice pretreated with or without C48/80 were vaccinated by ovalbumin pulsed DC(OVA-DC),DLN lymphocyte proliferation was detected by WST-8 reagent.Results: A large amount of typical BM-DC were harvested from media supplemented with murine recombinant IL-4 and GM-CSF.Product of activated MC/9 enhanced chemotaxis of BM-DC to CCL21(P<0.01).Intradermal injection of C48/80 induced local mast cell obvious degranulation and local inflammation.Mice pretreated with C48/80 demonstrated high number of total cells and DC cells in DLN.The number of fluorescent positive BM-DC in DLN also increased in C48/80 pretreated mice.Antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation enhanced in OVA-DC inoculated C48/80 pretreated mice.Conclusion: Mast cell activation induced by C48/80 can enhance DC homing to DLN and increase specific lymphocyte proliferation,which may be one of a mechanism of C48/80 in promoting adaptive immune response.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a scientific and objective risk factors evaluation index system for peri-operative hypothermia. Methods Based on literature review, the risk factors evaluation index system for peri-operative hypothermia was screened and identified by Delphi method,and the weight was identified through Hierarchy analysis. Results In two rounds of surveys, the rates of questionnaire retrieval were 94.4% and 100.0%, respectively. The authoritative coefficients were 0.83 and 0.84, the coordination coefficients were 0.586 and 0.601, respectively. The index system consisted of 2 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes. Conclusions A reliable and scientific risk factors evaluation index system for peri-operative hypothermia was developed. It can be utilized to provide theoretical foundation for the prevention of peri-operative hypothermia.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the source of endothelial cells in tumor vessels by A 549 tumor model with GFP nude mouse.Methods To establish the A 549 lung cancer models with GFP nude mice, expression of CD 31 was determined by immunofluorescence to label tumor vessels; to observe and take a picture of the tumor frozen section by confocal microscopy and invert microscope;expression of GFP in tumor vessels was determined by immunohistochemistry. Result The results of immunofluorescence showed:Tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells or endothelial cells clusters and micro-vascular lumen size and shape are clearly visible by immunofluorescence, and part of vessels with no obvious lumen or irregular lumen.We can see green fluorescent in tumor cells of tumor tissue and endothelial cells which form of tumor vessels.The results of immunohistochemistry showed: expression of GFP was determined in cytoplasm of tumor stromal cells and endothelial cells in tumor vessels.Conclusion The endothelial cells which formed tumor neovessels that derived from GFP nude mice partly and the other part derived from tumor cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develope a new Real-time quantitative PCR assay using SYBR green as fluorescence reporter, which is rapid, specific, sensitive, cheap and accurate for the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and evaluated its clinical application value.Methods The sequence of the 23S rRNA gene in MP type strain FH was selected as amplified regions, and specific primers were designed.Then the related plasmids were extracted as standards,and the absolute quantitative standard curve was established.The sensitivity ,specificity of the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was compared with the nest-PCR and kit;To calculate correlation coefficient, coincidence rate and kappa coefficient, clinical samples were detected using above-mentioned methods and cultivation,respectively.Results The detection sensitivity of the new real-time PCR and nest-PCR was 10 copies of FH DNA,while the kit 100 copies.In the specificity tests,the MP sample was positive,while mycoplasma hominis and other four bacteria were all negative.We applied this real-time PCR assay ,nest-PCR, kit and cultivation to 182 clinical specimens, and the detection rates were 55.49％, 52.75％, 47.25％ and 39.01％ ,respectively.The total consistency rate and Kappa coefficient of the new real-time PCR method and nest-PCR were 89.6％ ,0.790, respectively;while those of the new method and cultivation were 83.5 ％ ,0.678, respectively.The total consistency rate and Kappa coefficient of the new real-time PCR method and the kit were 89.6％ ,0.792,respectively;and the correlation coefficient of these two methods was 0.923,P ＜ 0.001.Conclusion Compared with other methods, the new real-time PCR assay could be used to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae quickly and economically, with high sensitivity and specificity ,revealing great utility value on varied instrumentation platforms.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the role of Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD),and find potential targets for drug therapy.Methods By means of immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,Real-time PCR,the differences of sublocalization,expression and phosphorylation level about Hippo pathway molecules in Han:SPRD (cy/+) and ADPKD patients compared with the control were observed.Knockdown Yes kinaseassociated protein (YAP),transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) and large tumor suppressor kinase1 (LATS1) in cystic lining epithelium cell line WT9-12 were took by siRNA interference,and then their effects on cell proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed.Results In cystic lining epithelium of Han:SPRD(cy/+),decreased expression of LATS1 and increased expression of YAP were found compared with the control,and the immunofluorescence of YAP was distributed both in cytoplasm and nucleus,while distribution and expression level of TAZ were without significant variance.Abnormal mRNA expressions of Hippo pathway components in ADPKD patients were found (P ＜ 0.05).Down-regulation of LATS1 in WT9-12 cells could prohibit phosphorylation of YAP,and prompted proliferation and cell division.Knockdown YAP in WT9-12 cells could inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase,but down-regulating TAZ showed no significant differences in proliferation and cell cycle.Conclusions Altered Hippo signaling exists in ADPKD,and YAP activation may be one leading cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease onset.In vitro,knockdown YAP in WT9-12 cells can inhibit cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle and depressing cell division,suggesting the expression level and activity of YAP are potential targets for ADPKD treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study whether the green fluorescent protein ( GFP) gene can be successfully expressed in green fluorescent nude mice and the tissue distribution characteristics.Methods Small animal imaging system and RT-PCR assay were used to detect the GFP tissue distribution and fluorescence expression level.Results The GFP can be expressed in multiple tissues in green fluorescent nude mice.A higher expression was observed in the pancreas, heart, brain, and skin.Conclusion Exogenous GFP can be stably expressed and inherited in green fluorescent nude mice, with the highest expression in the pancreas.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of toys for laboratory animals on reproductive performance and growing development of experimental mice.Methods ICR mice were fed with toys, the informations of reproductive performance and growing development were recorded.Results All the data of reproductive performance of the test group were higher than the control group except the number of newborn mice, and showed significant difference ( P 0.05).Conclusion Toys for laboratory animals have good effects on reproductive performance and growing development of mice, and suggested to be used into the process of experimental mice raising.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the level of neonatal pain knowledge and attitudes of neonatal and obstetric department nurses, in order to supply the clinical basis for neonatal pain management. Methods Self-designed questionnaires to fill out on-site were distributed to 107 neonatal and obstetric department nurses (of which 40 were from neonatal department, 67 from obstetric department) for neonatal pain knowledge and attitudes. Results About question of neonatal pain, the average percentage of correct answers in the neonatal group was 75.5%, higher than 66.3% of the obstetric group, in the neonatal group, correct rate of seven questions was more than 80%,while in the obstetric group the correct rate of only one question was more than 80%, and 5 questions correct response rate was significantly lower than that of the neonatal group, the difference was significant. All nursing staff considered it essential or necessary to carry out the nursing knowledge of pain-related training. 95.0%(38/40) of neonatal nurses believed that they could properly assess the extent of neonatal pain, but only 83.6% (56/67) for the obstetric group, the difference between the two groups was significant. 97.5% (39/40) of neonatal nurses believed that they could make the right judgments on neonatal crying, and only 85.1%( 57/67) in the obstetric nurses, the difference between the two groups was significant.Conclusions Neonatal pain has gradually been recognized and paid attention to by the clinical front-line medical staff, they believe that it is necessary to receive training on neonatal pain, knowledge of neonatal pain of neonatal nurses is better than obstetric nurses.
ABSTRACT
Aim To study the protective effect of modified acidic fibroblast growth factor (MaFGF) on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats. Methods 32 Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups;false operative control group, model control group, 8 ?g?kg-1 of MaFGF and 16 ?g?kg-1 of MaFGF groups with 8 animals in each group. Renal pathological changes were observed by light and electron microscope. Results As shown in pathology, compared with model control group, MaFGF group could significantly reduce edema, number of leukocytes appearing in the interstitium ,distention and destroy of renal tissues. Under EM, the ultrostructure(including microvilli, mitochondria and lysosomes etc.) of the tubular epithelial cells of MaFGF groups appeared lighter in injuries or even near normal. Conclusion MaFGF has a role in attenuation of renal damage or failure after ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney.